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布氏硬度試驗是壓入硬度試驗之一種，其測量值用HB或BHN表示。
該試驗最初由瑞典工程師 Johan August Brinell（1849年-1925年）於1900年提出。布氏硬度是第一個被廣泛用於工程學及冶金學的標準化硬度試驗。此試驗方法因壓痕較大和對待測材料損傷明顯，應用受到一定限制。
[編輯] 測量方法
布氏硬度試驗一般採用直徑10毫米的球形鋼壓頭，用一定的負荷（試驗力）壓入被測材料表面。常見的試驗力可高達3,000千克力(29千牛頓)；對於軟的材料則可用較小的負荷。如果試驗材料很硬，則以碳化鎢球壓頭代替鋼壓頭。保持負荷一定時間後，卸除試驗力，測量材料表面留下的壓痕之直徑。
布氏硬度值的計算公式為：
- P = 負荷 (千克力)
- D = 壓頭直徑 (毫米)
- d = 壓痕直徑 (毫米)
報告布氏硬度值的時候，必須注明試驗條件。使用標準方法記錄的試驗條件如HBW 10/3000中，HBW指使用碳化鎢壓頭（W是鎢的化學符號，使用鋼壓頭的則記為HBS），10指的是用毫米測量的壓頭直徑，3000指的是用千克力測量的負荷。
[編輯] 常見材料的布氏硬度
| 材料 | 硬度 |
|---|---|
| 軟木 | 1.6 HBS 10/100 |
| 硬木 | 2.6 to 7.0 HBS 1.6 10/100 |
| 鋁 | 15 HB |
| 銅 | 35 HB |
| 碳鋼 | 120 HB |
| 18-8 (304) 不鏽鋼 | 250 HB |
| 玻璃 | 550 HB |
| 硬質工具鋼 | 650 - 700 HB |
[編輯] 標準
- 國際標準：
-
- ISO 6506-1:2005 Ed. 2 Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method
- ISO 6506-2:2005 Ed. 2 Brinell hardness test Part 2: Verification and Calibration of testing machines
- ISO 6506-3:2005 Ed. 2 Brinell hardness test Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
- ISO 6506-4:2005 Ed. 1 Brinell hardness test Part 4: Table of hardness values
-
- GB／T231.1-2002 金屬布氏硬度試驗第1部分：試驗方法
- GB／T231.2-2002 金屬布氏硬度試驗第2部分：硬度計的檢驗與校準
- GB／T231.3-2002 金屬布氏硬度試驗第3部分：標準硬度塊的標定
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